1) 5, as the tide rises, so does the boat and the ladder.
2) I originally came up with this answer at 8.00 this morning, half asleep, but now I think its wrong but my answer is;
You form a wheel with the desks. 1 is in the center, the other six around the outside, spaced equally. So now each of the 7 pupils has a desk. There are 6 spokes from the center to the outer desks, 6 rows. However, as you look down any line, across the wheel, there are 3 desks in a row.
3) This is obviously a trick. Simply dividing 6 apples between 8 people means each would get 62.5% of apple but thats too easy. Maybe Mrs Brown already had 2 apples before buying the other 6, so each gets one. Or maybe 2 of the children are still on the bottle, so the remaining six members get an apple each...I don't know.
4) 8 days.
5) 1